章琪，王健，方筠，张晓航，韩晓辉，陆晔，成玉明

    上海国际旅行卫生保健中心，上海 200335

    摘要：目的了解该检测领域的整体水平，加强实验室结核病病原体检测工作的监督管理，提高实验室检测结核病病原体的水平，确保结核病细菌学检测的质量，促进结核病防治工作的开展。方法能力验证样本由10张含不同抗酸杆菌数量的未染色痰涂片组成，参加能力验证实验室收到样本后于2周内完成检测并回报结果。检测方法是用抗酸染色法将痰涂片染色后，用显微镜检测其中的抗酸杆菌。结果全国13个省市的44家实验室参加了本次能力验证项目，其中43家实验室回报了结果。在回报的430张样本中，412张样本的回报结果正确，占95.81%；4张样本的结果为低假阳性，占0.93%；14张样本的结果为量化误差，占3.26%；没有高假阳性和低假阳性的结果出现。结论本次能力验证样本质量和检测结果评估方法满足本次活动的需要；本次能力验证活动客观反映了参加实验室在此项目上的检测能力；开展类似的项目有助于了解该项目的整体水平和督促实验室加强检测工作的质量管理，不断提高实验室综合竞争力。

    关键词：能力验证；痰涂片；抗酸杆菌；显微镜检测；分析

    中图分类号：R183.3　文献标识码：B

    Analysis of proficiency testing program onAFB smear

    microscopic examination

    ZHANG Qi, WANG Jian, FANG Yun, ZHANGXiao-hang, HAN Xiao-hui, LU Ye, CHENG Yu-ming

    Shanghai International Travel HealthcareCentre, Shanghai 200335,China

    Abstract:   Objective  Understanding of the overall level of AFB smear test area, tostrength the management of pathogen detection in TB laboratory andimprove the ability of pathogen screening in TB diagnosis， toensure the quality of AFB  sputum smear examination and alsoto promote the development of tuberculosis control.  Methods    PT specimens consisting of 10 unstainedslides with known AFB numbers were sent to each participant usingsafety package transport. Acid-fast stain these smears, thenmicroscopically examine them for acid-fast bacilli using the 1000Xoil immersion objective lens. The participants were requested toreport the results back within 2 weeks after receivingspecimens.   Results   Forty-four domesticlaboratories subscribed to the program; 43 laboratories returnedresults that could be evaluated. The percentages of correctreadings were 95.81%（412/430）.The percentages of low false positivewere 0.93% (4/430).The percentages of quantification error were3.26%( 14/430).There were no major errors.  Conclusion   The results demonstrate the need for andutility of proficiency testing program to further improve the AFBsmear identifying performance.

    Key words:   Proficiency testing；Sputum smear； Acid-fast bacillus; Microscopic examination;Analysis

    《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》